MUHAMMAD USMAN AWAN
Rio de Janeiro geography , sports , climate , stadium amd host.
Rio de Janeiro ("River of January"), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, 6th largest in the Americas and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and from 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City"
Rio is the second largest city in Brazil and the state capital of Rio de Janeiro. The city is best known for its beaches, carnivals, football, music and its well preserved tropical forests.
Commonly known just as Rio and once a Portuguese colony, it was also the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries during the 1800s. Brasilia became the capital in 1960 when Brazil achieved independence. Tourists mainly get attracted to Rio not just because of it musical diversity and beaches but also because of its flora and fauna.
The world’s two largest forests are in Rio, surrounded by the most amazing beaches and mountains forming the most breathtaking landscapes.
Recently, the statue of Christ Redeemer was amongst the Seven Wonders of the World.
Rio also boasts some of the world's largest football stadiums and as soccer is Brazil’s national sport, wherever there is an open space you will constantly see children and youngsters playing their favourite game.
Rio is also well known for its vibrant night life, housing some of the best clubs and bars in the city.
Two of the best beaches on earth, Ipanema and Copacabana, are in Rio and the white sands and blue waters draw a lot of attention from surfers, water sports lovers and other tourists who just want to just enjoy a pleasant sun bathe.
Art and culture unite together and on display is Rio and Brazil’s history exhibited in the museums and galleries.
Shopping can be done in plenty as the ranges of prices vary from expensive designer items to buying knick-knacks and souvenirs in the city centrum at a bargain. The same applies to restaurants where one can taste all kinds of cuisines including local and Brazilian food and that too at an affordable price.
The carnivals of Brazil are the most awaited among visitors, the dancing, music and enjoyment that comes along with the festivities makes a worthy stay. 'Carnaval' and 'Reveillon' - New Year's Eve, are renowned to be the most spectacular festivals in the world.
There is usually any excuse for a party in Rio, whether it is for a weekend Samba party, random music jams in the streets, or festivities at soccer matches, there is always a time and a place to join a celebration in this colourful city.
One of the densest cities in the world where rainforests and the seas come together, Rio is a city which one will surely fall in love with for its food, music, entertainment, art, culture and its beautiful outdoors.
Geography
Location
Rio de Janeiro is mainly made up of seas, mountains and forests. This diversity adds to its outstanding beauty. Though Rio is largely a metro city, it has developed around the Tijuca Forest which is the largest urban forest in the world.
The city is geographically located at 22 degrees, 54 minutes south latitude and 43 degrees 12 minutes west longitude. Rio City is also the capital of the Rio de Janeiro state which lies in the south eastern region of Brazil. To the south of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean and to the east Guanabara Bay (Baía de Guanabara). The west is covered by Sepetiba Bay (Baía de Sepetiba).
17 other municipalities come together to form the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan area. These include Duque de Caxias, Itaguaí, Mangaratiba, Nilópolis, Nova Iguaçu, São Gonçalo, Itaboraí, Magé, Maricá, Niterói, Paracambi, Petrópolis, São João de Meriti, Japeri, Queimados, Belford Roxo, Guapimirim.
Rio de Janeiro covers an area of 1,255,3km² which includes islands and continental waters. It measures 70km from east to west and 44km from north to south. The municipality includes 32 Administrative Regions along with 159 districts.
The main river that flows through Rio is the Cabuçu or Piraquê. Rio region also includes a few lagoons like Jacarepaguá Lagoon, Marapendi Lagoon, Lagoinha and the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon. Most of them are scenic and have a good infrastructure for tourists such as hotels, restaurants and facilities for outdoor activities.
Rio has a long coastline which measures 246,22 km long. It is divided into three divisions: Guanabara Bay (Baía de Guanabara), the Atlantic Ocean and Sepetiba Bay (Baía de Sepetiba).
Out of the 1,255,3km² area covered by Rio, 37km² is covered by islands. The main islands include Laje; Villegaignon; Cobras; Fiscal; Enxadas in the Guanabara Bay, Cotunduba, Arquipélago das Cagarras, Rasa, Arquipélago da Redonda, Arquipélago das Tijucas, Palmas e Peças and Frade in the Atlantic Ocean and the Bom Jardim; Nova; Cavado; Guaraquessaba; Tatu; Pescaria in the Sepetiba Bay.
Geographical Coordinates: 22°54′S 43°12′W
Climate
Rio has a tropical climate due to the forests surrounding it. Most of the year, the climate is warm and humid with exceptions due to altitude, vegetation and closeness to the ocean. Occasionally temperatures can reach to a high of 40°C but mostly they hover around 30°C. Regions which are near the sea are somewhat cooler due to the ocean winds.
Average annual rainfall varies from 1,200 to 2,800 mm. During the hot summer months, the evenings are much cooler due to heavy and rapid rains, making the temperature bearable
History
Colonial Rio
Rio de Janeiro is the city it is today because of its historical past. Portuguese rulers were the first ones to rule Rio as they landed on the soil of Guanabara Bay on the 1st January 1502. The bay forms the opening of a river, hence the name ‘Rio de Janeiro’ which means ‘River of January’. The French also wanted to make the best of the strategic position of Rio in the Brazilian region and tried to make a foothold in the city but were debarred from the city after two years of intense war. To protect from further invasions, the city was moved to a safer position on a hill, which was later named as Castle Hill.
Rio developed economically as it continued to cultivate its traditional crop; sugarcane. Subsequently, gold and diamonds were found in the Mines Gerais area. After this discovery, many other European countries tried to capture Rio and gain a foothold and in 1763, the capital of the region was shifted from Salvador to Rio.
However, this economic prominence did not last long. As Rio entered the 19th century, sugar cane production faced stiff competition from other South American countries and the gold and diamond reserves also dwindled, leading Rio on the path of an economic crisis. To prevent this situation it started exporting coffee and the Portuguese royal family resettled in Rio. During their thirteen year rule, Rio expanded economically and the city started spreading out to its edges, as new buildings started cropping up with modernized infrastructure. When the Portuguese left, Brazil finally achieved its independence.
Liberated Rio
As Rio achieved independence from the Portuguese rulers, the city expanded politically, culturally, economically and architecturally. Public transportation in the form of horse drawn trolleys allowed transport to places like Botafogo, Sao Cristovao, Tijuca which were somewhat far from the city. Rio became the political, economical and cultural centre of Brazil. Many important artisans, leaders, writers and important people played a significant role in the cultural development of the city. Along with being the busiest port in Brazil, the rail & road infrastructure lead to a development of the trade industry.
Rio as capital of Brazil
When Brazil achieved independence in 1889, Rio was named the capital. With years passing by, Rio has changed, in terms of infrastructure and financially. Central Zone was demolished to expand the city. Land was being reclaimed to build the Central Business District. Hills were being wiped out and were used to fill the marsh areas. The city was divided in three zones. North zone became a industrial area along with being the residence of the working sector while the South Zone was limited for the wealthy people.
After World War II, Rio shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy. Bridges were built between important cities, skyscrapers were constructed and free-ways were developed. The population of the city increased in gigantic proportions and this turned out to be a curse. Even if labour was in need for the industries to develop, labourers were in excess and the number of poor and unskilled people increased. This situation exists even today and puts intense pressure on Rio’s resources. In fact, Rio is one of the most populated cities in the world.
Rio in present
In the 1960’s the capital of Brazil was moved from Rio to Brasilia and later to Sao Paolo, to reduce the economic and financial pressure on Rio. Political power was moved to the interior of the country. Today along with its different ethnic groups, Rio is making its presence felt in the industrial, service and tourism sector. Major multinational companies have their headquarters in Rio and the city does have its influence on the Brazilian economy, as a whole.
Sports2016 Summer Olympics, Sports venues in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and 2014 FIFA World Cup
The Olympic Stadium.
The Olympic Stadium.On October 2, 2009, the International Olympic Committee selected Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. This is the first time that the city advanced to the Candidature phase of the bidding process, after failed attempts in 1936, 2004 and 2012. Rio would become the first Brazilian and South American city to host the games. In July 2007, Rio successfully organized and hosted the XV Pan American Games.
On October 30, 2007, Brazil was chosen as the official host of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Rio de Janeiro is one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and the final is most likely to be held at Maracanã Stadium.
Football is the most popular Sport in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro is home to 5 traditional Brazilian football clubs: América Football Club, Botafogo, Fluminense, Vasco da Gama and Flamengo, the latter according to a national survey and to FIFA numbers, is the team with the largest number of supporters in the world
The Maracanã is one of the venues to host matches at the 2014 World Cup. The intention is that the stadium will be the location of the final match of the competition, becoming the second stadium in the world to host two World Cup finals, the first being the Estadio Azteca in Mexico, which hosted the finals in 1970 and 1986. In 2016 it will become the sixth stadium to host both a World Cup final and the Opening/Closing Ceremonies of the Olympics, after the old Wembley in London, host of the 1948 Olympics and 1966 World Cup Final; Stade Olympique in Paris, host of the 1924 Olympics and the 1938 World Cup Final; Olimpico Rome, host of the 1960 Olympics and 1990 World Cup Final; Munich's Olympic Stadium which hosted the Olympics in 1972 and the World Cup Final in 1974 and Berlin's Olympic Stadium, host of the 1936 Olympics and the 2006 World Cup Final (though it was thoroughly redesigned and renovated between those two events), though all those stadium have hosted the athletics events as well. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Los Angeles's Rose Bowl were Olympic venues, but were never the main stadium.
For the World Cup in 2014, it is running a project that involves an expansion of the stadium roof, which will cover all seats inside the stadium, unlike the current design, where protection is given from the seats of the bleachers above the gate access of each sector. In addition, the grayish tone returns to the main color of the stadium, the current lower tier with blue seats will be demolished, giving way to a new lower tier, possibly with a single level of luxury boxes.' The boxes, which were installed above the stands for the 2000 FIFA Club World Cup, will also be demolished and replaced with regular seating.
Rio de Janeiro ("River of January"), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, 6th largest in the Americas and 26th in the world.The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and from 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City"
Rio is the second largest city in Brazil and the state capital of Rio de Janeiro. The city is best known for its beaches, carnivals, football, music and its well preserved tropical forests.
 |
| rio de janeiro world cup 2014 |
Commonly known just as Rio and once a Portuguese colony, it was also the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries during the 1800s. Brasilia became the capital in 1960 when Brazil achieved independence. Tourists mainly get attracted to Rio not just because of it musical diversity and beaches but also because of its flora and fauna.
The world’s two largest forests are in Rio, surrounded by the most amazing beaches and mountains forming the most breathtaking landscapes.
Recently, the statue of Christ Redeemer was amongst the Seven Wonders of the World.
 |
| rio de janeiro |
Rio also boasts some of the world's largest football stadiums and as soccer is Brazil’s national sport, wherever there is an open space you will constantly see children and youngsters playing their favourite game.
Rio is also well known for its vibrant night life, housing some of the best clubs and bars in the city.
Two of the best beaches on earth, Ipanema and Copacabana, are in Rio and the white sands and blue waters draw a lot of attention from surfers, water sports lovers and other tourists who just want to just enjoy a pleasant sun bathe.
Art and culture unite together and on display is Rio and Brazil’s history exhibited in the museums and galleries.
Shopping can be done in plenty as the ranges of prices vary from expensive designer items to buying knick-knacks and souvenirs in the city centrum at a bargain. The same applies to restaurants where one can taste all kinds of cuisines including local and Brazilian food and that too at an affordable price.
The carnivals of Brazil are the most awaited among visitors, the dancing, music and enjoyment that comes along with the festivities makes a worthy stay. 'Carnaval' and 'Reveillon' - New Year's Eve, are renowned to be the most spectacular festivals in the world.
There is usually any excuse for a party in Rio, whether it is for a weekend Samba party, random music jams in the streets, or festivities at soccer matches, there is always a time and a place to join a celebration in this colourful city.
One of the densest cities in the world where rainforests and the seas come together, Rio is a city which one will surely fall in love with for its food, music, entertainment, art, culture and its beautiful outdoors.
Geography
 |
| rio de janeiro geography |
 |
| rio de janeiro location |
Location
Rio de Janeiro is mainly made up of seas, mountains and forests. This diversity adds to its outstanding beauty. Though Rio is largely a metro city, it has developed around the Tijuca Forest which is the largest urban forest in the world.
The city is geographically located at 22 degrees, 54 minutes south latitude and 43 degrees 12 minutes west longitude. Rio City is also the capital of the Rio de Janeiro state which lies in the south eastern region of Brazil. To the south of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean and to the east Guanabara Bay (Baía de Guanabara). The west is covered by Sepetiba Bay (Baía de Sepetiba).
17 other municipalities come together to form the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan area. These include Duque de Caxias, Itaguaí, Mangaratiba, Nilópolis, Nova Iguaçu, São Gonçalo, Itaboraí, Magé, Maricá, Niterói, Paracambi, Petrópolis, São João de Meriti, Japeri, Queimados, Belford Roxo, Guapimirim.
Rio de Janeiro covers an area of 1,255,3km² which includes islands and continental waters. It measures 70km from east to west and 44km from north to south. The municipality includes 32 Administrative Regions along with 159 districts.
The main river that flows through Rio is the Cabuçu or Piraquê. Rio region also includes a few lagoons like Jacarepaguá Lagoon, Marapendi Lagoon, Lagoinha and the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon. Most of them are scenic and have a good infrastructure for tourists such as hotels, restaurants and facilities for outdoor activities.
Rio has a long coastline which measures 246,22 km long. It is divided into three divisions: Guanabara Bay (Baía de Guanabara), the Atlantic Ocean and Sepetiba Bay (Baía de Sepetiba).
Out of the 1,255,3km² area covered by Rio, 37km² is covered by islands. The main islands include Laje; Villegaignon; Cobras; Fiscal; Enxadas in the Guanabara Bay, Cotunduba, Arquipélago das Cagarras, Rasa, Arquipélago da Redonda, Arquipélago das Tijucas, Palmas e Peças and Frade in the Atlantic Ocean and the Bom Jardim; Nova; Cavado; Guaraquessaba; Tatu; Pescaria in the Sepetiba Bay.
Geographical Coordinates: 22°54′S 43°12′W
Climate
 |
| rio de janeiro geographical coordinates |
Rio has a tropical climate due to the forests surrounding it. Most of the year, the climate is warm and humid with exceptions due to altitude, vegetation and closeness to the ocean. Occasionally temperatures can reach to a high of 40°C but mostly they hover around 30°C. Regions which are near the sea are somewhat cooler due to the ocean winds.
Average annual rainfall varies from 1,200 to 2,800 mm. During the hot summer months, the evenings are much cooler due to heavy and rapid rains, making the temperature bearable
History
Colonial Rio
 |
| rio de janeiro |
Rio de Janeiro is the city it is today because of its historical past. Portuguese rulers were the first ones to rule Rio as they landed on the soil of Guanabara Bay on the 1st January 1502. The bay forms the opening of a river, hence the name ‘Rio de Janeiro’ which means ‘River of January’. The French also wanted to make the best of the strategic position of Rio in the Brazilian region and tried to make a foothold in the city but were debarred from the city after two years of intense war. To protect from further invasions, the city was moved to a safer position on a hill, which was later named as Castle Hill.
Rio developed economically as it continued to cultivate its traditional crop; sugarcane. Subsequently, gold and diamonds were found in the Mines Gerais area. After this discovery, many other European countries tried to capture Rio and gain a foothold and in 1763, the capital of the region was shifted from Salvador to Rio.
However, this economic prominence did not last long. As Rio entered the 19th century, sugar cane production faced stiff competition from other South American countries and the gold and diamond reserves also dwindled, leading Rio on the path of an economic crisis. To prevent this situation it started exporting coffee and the Portuguese royal family resettled in Rio. During their thirteen year rule, Rio expanded economically and the city started spreading out to its edges, as new buildings started cropping up with modernized infrastructure. When the Portuguese left, Brazil finally achieved its independence.
Liberated Rio
As Rio achieved independence from the Portuguese rulers, the city expanded politically, culturally, economically and architecturally. Public transportation in the form of horse drawn trolleys allowed transport to places like Botafogo, Sao Cristovao, Tijuca which were somewhat far from the city. Rio became the political, economical and cultural centre of Brazil. Many important artisans, leaders, writers and important people played a significant role in the cultural development of the city. Along with being the busiest port in Brazil, the rail & road infrastructure lead to a development of the trade industry.
Rio as capital of Brazil
When Brazil achieved independence in 1889, Rio was named the capital. With years passing by, Rio has changed, in terms of infrastructure and financially. Central Zone was demolished to expand the city. Land was being reclaimed to build the Central Business District. Hills were being wiped out and were used to fill the marsh areas. The city was divided in three zones. North zone became a industrial area along with being the residence of the working sector while the South Zone was limited for the wealthy people.
After World War II, Rio shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy. Bridges were built between important cities, skyscrapers were constructed and free-ways were developed. The population of the city increased in gigantic proportions and this turned out to be a curse. Even if labour was in need for the industries to develop, labourers were in excess and the number of poor and unskilled people increased. This situation exists even today and puts intense pressure on Rio’s resources. In fact, Rio is one of the most populated cities in the world.
Rio in present
In the 1960’s the capital of Brazil was moved from Rio to Brasilia and later to Sao Paolo, to reduce the economic and financial pressure on Rio. Political power was moved to the interior of the country. Today along with its different ethnic groups, Rio is making its presence felt in the industrial, service and tourism sector. Major multinational companies have their headquarters in Rio and the city does have its influence on the Brazilian economy, as a whole.
Sports2016 Summer Olympics, Sports venues in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and 2014 FIFA World Cup
 |
| rio de janeiro host of football 2014 |
The Olympic Stadium.
The Olympic Stadium.On October 2, 2009, the International Olympic Committee selected Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. This is the first time that the city advanced to the Candidature phase of the bidding process, after failed attempts in 1936, 2004 and 2012. Rio would become the first Brazilian and South American city to host the games. In July 2007, Rio successfully organized and hosted the XV Pan American Games.
On October 30, 2007, Brazil was chosen as the official host of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Rio de Janeiro is one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and the final is most likely to be held at Maracanã Stadium.
Football is the most popular Sport in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro is home to 5 traditional Brazilian football clubs: América Football Club, Botafogo, Fluminense, Vasco da Gama and Flamengo, the latter according to a national survey and to FIFA numbers, is the team with the largest number of supporters in the world
 |
| rio de janeiro football stadium 2014 |
The Maracanã is one of the venues to host matches at the 2014 World Cup. The intention is that the stadium will be the location of the final match of the competition, becoming the second stadium in the world to host two World Cup finals, the first being the Estadio Azteca in Mexico, which hosted the finals in 1970 and 1986. In 2016 it will become the sixth stadium to host both a World Cup final and the Opening/Closing Ceremonies of the Olympics, after the old Wembley in London, host of the 1948 Olympics and 1966 World Cup Final; Stade Olympique in Paris, host of the 1924 Olympics and the 1938 World Cup Final; Olimpico Rome, host of the 1960 Olympics and 1990 World Cup Final; Munich's Olympic Stadium which hosted the Olympics in 1972 and the World Cup Final in 1974 and Berlin's Olympic Stadium, host of the 1936 Olympics and the 2006 World Cup Final (though it was thoroughly redesigned and renovated between those two events), though all those stadium have hosted the athletics events as well. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Los Angeles's Rose Bowl were Olympic venues, but were never the main stadium.
For the World Cup in 2014, it is running a project that involves an expansion of the stadium roof, which will cover all seats inside the stadium, unlike the current design, where protection is given from the seats of the bleachers above the gate access of each sector. In addition, the grayish tone returns to the main color of the stadium, the current lower tier with blue seats will be demolished, giving way to a new lower tier, possibly with a single level of luxury boxes.' The boxes, which were installed above the stands for the 2000 FIFA Club World Cup, will also be demolished and replaced with regular seating.
Posted in: Football